Ch. 15 worksheet!!

 Chapter 15 – Reconstruction & Renewal

Name: Kaylee Crews ANSWERS ARE HIGHLIGHTED!!

Who is the author of this chapter and what information can you find about the author elsewhere in the text?

- The author of the chapter is Jerrell H. Shofner

According to this chapter, list 2 things that were in desperate need of “reconstruction”.

- Two things that were in desperate need of reconstruction was the economy and transportation. “There was no Economy” and “there were no markets and little transportation.” (Shofner, 2013, p.260)

Florida stands apart from other areas of the South in the way that General Newton handled two main areas: politics & freedmen.  Discuss both.

- Politics were taken in a way of military officials took the initiative and freedom didn't exist from slaves. " In the existing political vacuum, military officials took the initiative, General John Newton instructed Florida planters to assemble their former slaves. (Shofner,2013,P.260)

Demand for cotton was (increasing or decreasing) during the early years of reconstruction.

- It states “ Cotton was produced by this inefficient system at a time when demand for it was constantly declining. 

( Shofner, 2013, p.261)

White And black farmers alike were given a new structure in which to run their land (called by 3 different terms in the text).  What is one of the names of this new agricultural system used by the author?

- The three different terms in that showed a new structure in which to run land were sharecropping, crop liens, Tenant farming. “ Sharecropping, crop liens, and tenant farming extended across the old plantation belt and Affected both black and white farmers for  decades after the Civil war.” (shofner, 2013, P.261)

What 2 issues engulfed Florida as well as the entire nations, just as Lincoln feared it would?

- The two issues that engulfed Florida as well as the entire nation were anger and bitterness, but also conflict. “ Lincoln had anticipated the anger and bitterness that eventually engulfed the nation over these matters. Wishing the avoid as much conflict as possible, he had tried to rebuild loyal governments.” (Shofner,2013, P.261)

Shofner describes a very sticky situation in regards to President Johnson restoring land ownership to former confederates.  Reflect on how this affects the statewide condition at the time.

- This was an issue during the 1890’s, but for a rundown and the effects that the sticky situation had on restoring land ownerships to the confederate there was a back and forth motion. After land was taken away from the confederation, Johnson made many plans but the largest was the plan of “reconstruction”. During this plan, there were many complications that started the decline. The effects were statewide and made the condition of the state at edge in the long run. 

What does the text mean about Lincoln’s “non-punitive ideas”?

- In my opinion, I believe the text means the use of non-violence or not involving punishment, when talking about Lincoln’s “non-punitive ideas”.

We know that “Black Codes'' took shape despite the efforts of the Freedmen's Bureau.  Discuss the ways that Florida fell into the practices.

- From the shift of confederate thinking the rule of the congress that was now under union thinking black suffrage was again upon us. “Now, nearly two years after the war, congress was forcing black suffrage upon them. (Shofner, 2013, P.264” It's also states “ Radical reconstruction had led to a constitution which, according to the new governor, would “prevent a Negro legislature”. ( Shofner, 2013, P.266) This was just one of the ways that black codes were hoping to be blocked.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1865 so ineffective?

- When the law was stated in April of 1865, it was over road by congress because of the relationship that they Had with johnson. With this override, it gradually eroded the US army and freedom Bureau. Freedmen were Treated badly by the courts, but even after that the fight between congress and president Johnson still occurred.

What legislative measures marked the end of martial law in Florida?

- President Johnson vetoed the legislation and proclaimed the end of “insurrection” in the south. “President Johnson vetoed the legislation and proclaimed an end to the “insurrection” in the south, with the apparent Intention of removing the marital law. (shofner, 2013, P. 263)

Describe the internal divisions that developed in Florida during the reconstruction years.

- One Main division that developed in Florida during the reconstruction years was President Johnson and congress. The reason i say this is because it is prevalent from pages 260-264 until as the book states “eclipse of authority In Washington” (P. 264). Another division was between the U.S. army and the Nassau county sheriff. In  The chapter, it informs us that they traveled to Fernandina and “prevented a violent confrontation”. (P. 263)

What 2 measures were taken by conservative whites to prevent Freedmen from exercising their rights to suffrage?

- The simple fact that they wouldn't let blacks feel accepted where they were. They would distant themselves or Not talk to them. “Most of them remained where they were, but they were badly divided over what course to Follow” (Shofner, 2013, P.264) Another example would be, the locking out of peoples at the assembly hall and Soon radical reconstruction and the idea it would “prevent a Negro legislature”. 

What is the contrasting difference between reconstruction effects in middle and peninsular Florida?

- The difference between reconstruction effects in middle and peninsular Florida were not only what type of reconstruction was going on but the acceptance level each one had. One side of Florida mostly focus on the cattle range and what they would build in the so-called “swamp lands”, while the other was mainly about government and black suffrage. 

When Shofner turns from reconstruction to renewal, list industries and individuals who played a role.

- Some of the industries and individuals that played a role are: 

    - The Reed administration assisted Milton Littlefield

    - Frederick DeBary; a Belgian Wine merchant

    - The Brock line

    - Florida New yorker

    - Hubbard Hart’s: line of steamers that carried people up the St.Johns

The late entry of what industry had a negative impact on Florida’s renewal?

- The industry that I saw having a negative impact on Florida's renewal was the transportation industry just because it was till falling behind of the big growth that was coming. It wasn't up to date enough for everything going on.

The political temperature in Florida changed dramatically in the renewal years.  Expound on that and include the one negative piece of legislature that added to already active Black Codes.

- In my opinion, the political temperature changed many different times and was very back and forth. During the The time of reconstruction, there were many different forms of leadership, some good and some bad. But this Was all part of the process. One good piece of evidence was “The radical delegates were dumbfounded that Following morning they find themselves locked out of the assembly hall by a cordon of U.S. soldiers.” another Piece of evidence would be “ Radical Reconstruction had led to a constitution which, according to the new Governor, would :prevent a Negro Legisllature.” These quotes go hand in hand but just show the simple fact Even though black codes aren't in place, some still follow them.